Moist-Electric Generator (MEG)

Disposable wearable electronics are valuable for diagnostic and healthcare purposes, reducing maintenance needs and enabling broad accessibility. However, integrating a reliable power supply is crucial for their advancement, and conventional power sources present significant challenges. To address that issue, we developed a novel paper-based moist-electric generator that harnesses ambient moisture for power generation. The device features gradients for functional groups and moisture adsorption and an architecture of nanostructures within a disposable paper substrate. The nanoporous, gradient-formed spore-based biofilm and asymmetric electrode deposition enable sustained, high-efficiency power output. At the same time, a Janus hydrophobic-hydrophilic paper layer enhances moisture harvesting, ensuring effective operation even in low-humidity environments. Our research reveals that the water-adsorption gradient is crucial for performance under high humidity, whereas the functional-group gradient dominates under low humidity. The device delivers consistent performance across diverse conditions and flexibly conforms to various surfaces, making it ideal for wearable applications. Its eco-friendly, cost-effective, and disposable nature makes it a viable solution for widespread use with minimal environmental impact. This innovative approach overcomes the limitations of traditional power sources for wearable electronics, offering a sustainable solution for future disposable wearables. It significantly enhances personalized medicine through improved health monitoring and diagnostics.